This article defines antioxidants and discusses different types of antioxidants. Here, learn about the mode of action of antioxidants and more.
Keywords: Antioxidant |Self health| wellness | self care| Exogenous| endogenous|free radicals| primary|co-enzyme Q-10| curcuminoids|antioxidant paradox
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Definition:
Antioxidants are substances or molecules that neutralize or remove the free radicals and prevent their formation. In addition, they perform various critical bodily functions and are essential for a healthy life.
Antioxidants prevent the autooxidation of fats, thus reducing the formation of free radicals and reacting with formed free radicals.
Antioxidants are essential for life.
Types:
It may be classified in two broad headings:
1. Water-soluble- soluble in water, therefore present in and outside the cell, for example, Vitamin C.
2. Lipid soluble-soluble in lipids and are present on the cell membrane, for example, Vitamin E.(Latin vita life +amine)
Antioxidants, such as glutathione, may be endogenous-produced in the body. The number of endogenous antioxidants is less and fails to react with many free radicals.
Exogenous antioxidants are from external sources -food. Their primary source is healthy food.
The primary antioxidants are:
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B complex, Betacarotene, Bioflavonoids, Lipoic acid, Glutathione, and sulfur-containing compounds capable of donating hydrogen atoms.
Indirect antioxidants:
Some trace elements are integral to cytochrome c and help in antioxidant enzyme formation and activities.
1. Selenium helps form glutathione peroxidase.
2. Zinc: helps form Superoxide dismutase in the cytoplasm.
3. Copper contributes to the formation of Superoxide dismutase in the cytoplasm.
4. Iron: aids in the formation of catalases. Catalases convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water.
5. Chromium: reduces formation of free radicals during energy production.
6. Manganese: produces Superoxide dismutase, which dismutates the Superoxide anion radicals in the mitochondria.
Accessory antioxidants:
Examples are co-enzyme Q-10, curcuminoids, etc.
Sources of antioxidants :
Plant-based foods are good sources of antioxidants—whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, green tea, and dark chocolates.
Animal sources are not good sources of antioxidants.
Mode of action:
Antioxidants provide electrons, so unpaired free radical electrons become paired. This is, of course, a straightforward explanation of how antioxidants work.
Antioxidant paradox:
An excess of anything is wrong is an old proverb; the same is true for an excess of antioxidants. Excess antioxidants can produce toxic and harmful effects by promoting oxidative damage, and even death may occur.
Conclusion:
Antioxidant-rich food, whole cereals, fresh vegetables, fruits, and a healthy lifestyle are superior to antioxidant-rich food supplements for a healthy person.
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FAQ:
Q1. What are primary antioxidants?
A. The primary antioxidants are:
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B complex, Betacarotene, Bioflavonoids, Lipoic acid, Glutathione, and sulfur-containing compounds capable of donating hydrogen atoms.
Q 2. What are antioxidants?
Antioxidants are substances or molecules that neutralize or remove the free radicals and prevent their formation. In addition, they perform various critical bodily functions and are essential for a healthy life.
Antioxidants prevent the autooxidation of fats, thus reducing the formation of free radicals and reacting with formed free radicals.