Medical topics – Page 9 – learn-and-fly.co.in

Why some persons are giant like

Abnormal excess secretion, i.e.hypersecretion of growth hormone, causes gigantism and acromegaly.

When hypersecretion of growth hormone occurs before the fusion of the long bones epiphysis leading to tall stature, hypersecretion of growth hormone causes increases in the size of bones. Therefore, before puberty, the growth hormone increases the length of bones leading to increased height and is called gigantism.

Acromegaly: hypersecretion of growth hormone after the fusion of the long bones epiphysis, i.e., after puberty, increases bone size, especially bones of hands, feet, and face. The condition is known as acromegaly.

Conn’s syndrome

Aldosterone controls sodium and potassium levels in the blood. Excess aldosterone causes increased sodium retention in the body and increased potassium excretion from the body.

Addison’s Disease

Addison’s disease is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, especially hyposecretion of glucocorticoids. The disease is named to honor Thomas Addison, an English physician and scientist who described this disease.

Plasma Protein-Rapid Revision

Plasma is blood from which formed elements of blood (red blood corpuscles (RBC), White blood corpuscles WBC)and platelets, i.e.thrombocytes) are removed.

Normal amount: 6.4 gm -8.3 gm per decilitre of blood.

Renal Clearance Formula and Its Importance

The renal clearance value of a given substance is the volume of plasma in milliliter wholly cleared of that given substance in one minute by the kidneys; it is expressed as ml per minute( ml/minute).

Clearance compares the amount of substance removed from the plasma per unit time for permanent with the amount of substance excreted in the urine permanent per minute. Plasma concentration rather than whole blood consideration is used to calculate renal clearance.

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.

In each kidney, 1 to 1.5 million nephrons are present. However, they are tiny, only 45 to 65 mm in length.

There are two types of nephrons

Cortical nephrons, and
Juxta -medullary nephrons

Understanding Bowman’s Capsule and Glomerulus Structure

The glomerular basement membrane is the main component of the glomerular filtration barrier and responsible for ultrafiltration by the renal corpuscles. The glomerular basement membrane provides barrier by two methods:

Size barrier, and 2. Charge selective barrier.

Differences between hormones and enzymes

Hormones and Enzymes are important for the normal functioning of the human body. They are different from each other.

Parathyroid Gland: Structure and Role Explained

Parathyroid gland essential for life. It is a highly vascular and tiny gland measuring about 6 mm in length 3 mm in width and 2 mm in thickness its weight is only 120 mg it is present along with the thyroid gland.

Purpura| Clotting| Bleeding Time

Purpura: is a clinical condition in which there is a tendency of spontaneous bleeding, usually beneath the skin, mucous membrane, and internal organs. In this condition bleeding time is prolonged (average is 2 to 6 minutes.), but clotting time is average (standard is five to10 minutes).