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The tongue is a highly vascular voluntary organ present in the mouth. The tongue is a voluntary structure composed of voluntary skeletal muscle.The root of the tongue is present in the posterior part of the oral cavity and consists of one-third of the tongue.
The body forms about the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
The tongue is essential for health. We must protect it from nicotine-chewing tobacco, smoking, spirits, and spices.
The tongue is present in the oral cavity. The tongue performs multiple functions that are crucial for maintaining normal health.
The neuroendocrine reflex integrates two systems of the body that are responsible for maintaining homeostasis. The two systems are the nervous and endocrine systems. They affect each other through both negative and positive feedback mechanisms to regulate the body’s overall functions. The internal and external stimuli stimulate them.
The kidney is a vital organ that performs many functions, including the excretion of metabolic waste, maintaining homeostatic balance, regulating body fluid volume, controlling electrolyte concentration in body fluids, and regulating acid-base balance, as well as endocrine and metabolic functions.
Human anatomy is a branch of science that explains the structure of the human body. In human anatomy, we study the macroscopic and microscopic structures of the human body, how it is formed, and how these structures work synergistically.
Cardiac output is the blood volume pumped from each ventricle per minute, expressed in liters /per minute .Cardiac output is an essential parameter in hemodynamics, the study of blood flow. Its importance is globally accepted.
The study of human physiology has been ongoing for time immemorial. The first authentic available record is found in the Sushruta Samhita and Charak Samhita, dating back to around 600 BCE. They proposed that vata, pitta, and kapha regulate the body’s functions.
Bile is a physiological fluid that is dark green to yellowish-brown in color and produced by the liver.
In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver and drained by bile canaliculi to the right and left hepatic ducts. The right and left hepatic ducts join to form the common hepatic duct. The cystic duct from the gall bladder joins the common hepatic duct and forms the common bile duct.
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. The amount of total body calcium ranges from 1100 to 1200 g, out of which 99% is present in the skeleton, and the remaining 1% is in the tissue and body fluids.
The gut-brain axis is the biochemical signaling between the GIT and the CNS. This complex communication system ensures the proper maintenance of gastrointestinal homeostasis and has multiple effects on motivation and higher cognitive functions.
